How to Select the Inverter & Battery setup?

POWER REQUIREMENT

1.What is my power requirement?
One of the most important things that you must know before buying an UPS is your “power requirement”. In simple words: What all electrical appliances (like CFL, tube lights, fan, television, computer, refrigerator etc.) will you run at the time of power cut. Power requirement is addition of the power consumed by various electrical appliances.

2. How do I calculate Power Requirement?
Suppose you want 3 Fans, 3 Tube lights, 8 LED lights, 1 television & 1 refrigerator to operate at the time of power failure. The power consumed by these items will be total of the power consumed by these individually:
1 Fan – 70 Watts
1 tube light – 40 watts
1 led light – 7 watts
1 led television – 70 watts
1 Refrigerator - 140 Watt

Therefore your total power requirement is (3*70 +3*40 +8* 7 + 1*70+ 1*140) = 596 watts.

3. What all appliances can I run on my UPS?
A UPS is usually recommended for running energy backup for lights, ceiling fans, computers, television etc. If you wish to run the refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner etc., you will need to buy a UPS with a higher capacity.

VA RATING FOR UPS 

1. What is VA?
VA stands for Volt Ampere rating. It is the voltage and current supplied by the UPS to the equipment.

2. How do I find the VA rating of the UPS I need for my home ?
Your appliances need more VA than the power requirement in Watts due to the nature of the devices. The ratio is called Power factor. Hence Power supplied (or VA rating of UPS) = Power requirement (power consumed by equipment in watts) / Power factor.Usually at homes, power factor ranges from 0.65 - 0.8. Below, we have taken 0.7 for average calculations:

Power of UPS (VA) = 596/0.7 = 851 VA

So a UPS with 900 VA will be the right choice for your home.

3. What is the difference between Volt Amperes & Watt?
The UPS Capacity is measured in VA which is Voltage Amphere.Higher the VA, higher the capacity of the UPS to run peak Load. Usually, to find wattage, we multiply VA rating by 0.8 (power factor of UPS). i.e. 900 VA means 720 watt.

BATTERY FOR UPS

1. Why does a UPS need a battery?
The performance of an UPS largely depends on the battery. Battery stores the energy needed to run your appliances during power cut.

2. How much backup will an UPS provide?
This is determined by battery capacity. It is expressed in Ah (Ampere Hours).

3. How do I finalize which one I would need from my home ?
To find this out let’s do a reverse calculation. Consider that you need a battery that provides backup for 2 hours for running appliances of load 851 VA (596 W).

Battery capacity = Power requirement (in VA) * Back up hours (in hrs) / Battery Voltage (in volts)

For lead acid battery, battery voltage = 12 V.

Battery Capacity = (851 * 2) / 12 = 142 Ah

In reality, the battery performance degrades with usage, so you are recommended to buy a battery that is 5-10% higher in capacity. Therefore a battery with a capacity of 150 Ah will work for you.

So if you want to run 3 Fans, 3 Tube lights, 8 LED lights 1 television & 1 refrigerator for 2 hours during power failure you would need 900 VA UPS and 150 Ah battery.

4. Would I need a Single battery or a Double battery?
Now suppose your power back up requirement is 4 hrs for the same power load.

Battery Capacity required = (851*4) / 12 = 284 Ah ~ 300Ah

Since batteries are available between 60-200Ah, you will need 2 battery of 150Ah (in series) to provide 300 Ah. Two batteries together create 24 V output, hence you need to choose UPS which supports 24V input.

5. What are the types of Batteries that are available?
Lead acid batteries come in flat plates or tubular (rod shaped) plates.

Flat plate batteries: Flat plate batteries come in small height containers, and are suitable for low power cut areas as their designed cycle life is low.

Tubular Plate batteries: Tubular batteries come in small as well as tall containers, they typically have longer design life and are suitable for all areas. Due to the longer life, they are replacing flat plate batteries in UPS battery applications.


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